Under a jurisdiction with a 15-year adverse possession period and a race-type recording act, which statement best describes the hostility element of adverse possession?

• A. The possessor's intent to defeat the owner's title is required.
• B. Open and notorious use by the possessor is enough to prove hostility.
• C. Possession without the owner's permission; the possessor's intent is often irrelevant.
• D. The possessor must record a deed to perfect title.

Answer: (C)